History of the Modernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

History of the Modernity - Essay Example These ideologies were given names suffixed with 'ism' to the principle governing theory; like, Radicalism (Radical-ism), Republicanism, Socialism, Nationalism, Conservatism, and Classical Liberalism. They had their origination in the Enlightenment era which had like thinkers Rene Descartes, Voltaire and Jean Jacques-Rousseau. Rousseau argued for liberty, and demand for equality of men. In The Social Contract he states, "the human race would perish unless it changed its manner of life." (p. 34) This brief essay shall try to answer some questions associated with the above period of European history, such as: the impact of the changes in European cities between 1815 and 1850, the impact of Industrial Revolution on the urban landscape, the appraisal of problems of by contemporaries regarding the social cost of the Industrial Revolution and the interpretation of modern historians interpret those costs. In the process it shall envisage an understanding of the subject, in terms of the impact of technological revolution that drove industrial revolution, and ideological changes that effected political changes in countries like France, Britain and indeed whole of Europe. In Britain, M Changes in the European Cities (years 1815-50) In Britain, Manchester had more than about "four hundred thousand inhabitants" (Engels p. 39) and gives a vivid picture of industrial pollution already making the river water "narrow, coal-black, foul-smelling stream, full of debris and refuse" (p.41). His record indicates that a railway line was already established between Leeds and Liverpool. The industrial boom in Manchester is further indicated by his record that there were "tanneries, bone mills and gas-works" (p.41) Manchester, had all the water, railway connection to carry raw materials and its cotton-manufacture-conducive climate, made it and important industrial town. Richard Guest records of the cotton manufacturing activities in Manchester and other cities of England, "In 1818, there were in Manchester, Stockport, Middleton, Hyde, Stayley Bridge, and their vicinities, fourteen factories, containing about two thousand Looms" the same increased to 32 in 1821, with 5732 looms; and since then it only steadily increased. Coal was also mined and at collieries in some places like Yorkshire and Lancashire, East of Scotland and South Wales, women workers were also engaged (Parliamentary Papers, 1842, Vol XVI, pp. 24, 196). 'Chartism' or the radical movement of the English working class, came out with a "People's Charter" (1837) with six points, which was submitted to the British Parliament in the year 1838. The development in Russia/Poland was more political in nature, with Poland declaring independence from Russia in St. Petersburg, in the year 1932, in order ensure "the continuance of all the essential requisites for the happiness of individuals, and of the country in general, namely, security of persons and property, liberty of conscience, and all the laws and privileges of towns and communes" (Hordynacki pp. 424-428) Vienna and the rest of Europe in general seem to be more under the influence of

The Road to Disappearance Essay Example for Free

The Road to Disappearance Essay The Road to Disappearance: A history of the Creek Indians was written by Angie Debo, a native of Oklahoma. She had curiosity of the life and history of the â€Å"creek Indians’ which is also known as the ‘Muskigees’. These people are later on named as ‘Creek Indians’ because they thrive on the Creek areas or besides rivers and canals. This book was written in 1941, a part of many books about Creek Indians that was written by the author as she was teaching history in the University of Oklahoma. Basically, the book gives the reader the story of the ‘Creek history’. It covers the years from 1725 up until 1906. It tackles the experiences of the Creeks as a nation and their interaction and relationship with the Washington government as well as with the states that they occupy namely, Alabama, Georgia and Kansas. Throughout the book, the author kept on presenting data and facts that serves as evidence of her arguments regarding the fast paced obliteration of the ‘Creek Nation’. She also cited accounts of the attempts and struggles made by the Creeks as the State and Federal government draft laws that somehow keep these people marginalized and controlled. The first chapters in the book cover the discussion of the Creek Nation’s history, which, as Debo pronounced was ‘lost in legend’. There are those which talks about coming from the ‘huge mountains†¦a migration toward sunrise†¦ the crossing of a great and muddy river and the occupation and conquest of their eastern home’. These chapters also talks about the Creeks relation with other Indians and some of their customs, beliefs and practices. The third chapter offers the beginning of the destruction of the ‘Nation’ that was followed by conquers and the war with these conquerors. Chapter VI shows that after devastation, the ‘Creeks forms a nation again’, nonetheless the proceeding chapters shows and discuss rivalries and conflicts inside the ‘Nation’ itself. In chapter IX there was a moment of peace, nonetheless it does not stand for long as what Debo believes to be happening right now is the ending of the tribe. The book was well written and provides a good overview of the history of Indian Americans in general and Creek Nation in particular. It helps the readers understand what was the life that these people has to endure and the history that they have along with their distinct culture, beliefs and traditions that were slowly being eroded by modernization and ethno racism. The book was obviously in favor and in support of helping the Creek Indians get the rights, respect and recognition that they properly deserved. The author has successfully point out the different period in history that the Creeks have been oppressed and how the government policies are hurting and demeaning the Indian population. The author has successfully laid the foundation and evidence that will make the reader question the legitimacy of the laws and policies that the government has made in the past and today. It somehow expands the horizon of what I know about American Indians. Moreover it helps me understand their situation. The author made me feel how wrongly the Creek Indians are treated. Along with illustrations, the book successfully captures sympathy and understanding from its readers. This I think is the main purpose of the book aside from being informative. There are a lot of things that I have learned from the book aside from the different Indian tribes and the way they live. I also found about how they are treated and what their history in connection to my own is. Understanding the difference between us (the Creek Indians and me) and the fact that we are living in the same country, give me a higher regards and respect for their abilities and their being the real owners of the lands in which we (Americans) thrive. To further understand the book and to find the topics more easily, there an index at the end that can make reading easier especially when looking back and looking for terms in relation to other topics in the book. The book also contains maps aside from illustrations. These maps are important to help the reader’s picture in their mind the length and area that the Creek’s covers. There is also a page that contains other works created by Angie Debo which are also related to the ‘Creek Indians’. I definitely recommend this book for people who would like to know about the Creek’s life. It is thorough and it refers to the problems of the Creek in a straightforward manner. Although it is somehow bias, it delivers a good stance in regards to the life and the rights of the Creek people. The readers would enjoy the way the book is written eventhough it talks about history. The author has the ability to look at the subject matter in an inclusive perspective, such that the reader will feel as though they are pat of the history that they are reading. This is a must read for enthusiast and non enthusiast alike and I recommend it for a deeper understanding of the culture and the people that once been the sole owners and cultivators of the American land. Work Cited: Debo, A. The Road to Disappearance: A History of the Creek Indians. Norman. 1941, 1967.

Retail Management On Hardware Store Information Technology Essay

Retail Management On Hardware Store Information Technology Essay My term paper is to open up the retail store of the HARDWARE GOODS. The name of my store is COMPLETE HOME. This store to be contains the number of variety and assortment of the hardware goods. My retail store COMPLETE HOME to be contain the Binding wire, Paint, Putty, Cement, Wood Varnish, Door Handle, Lock, Fevicol, Polish, Primer, Needle, Ply wood, Screw, Nut Bolt etc In general description I can choose the type of store which open in the market and also made mission goals and objectives of the retail stores. Hardware stores, sell household hardware including: fasteners, hand tools, power tools, keys, locks, hinges, chains, plumbing supplies, electrical supplies, cleaning products, house wares, tools, paint, and lawn and garden products directly to consumers for use at home or for business. Home Hardware consists of four separate banners, offering goods such as the following: Home Hardware house wares, tools, paint, garden supplies Home Building Centre lumber, plumbing and electrical supplies, building materials Home Hardware Building Centre full range of Home Hardware and Home Building Centre items Home Furniture furniture and major appliances Business Mission The mission of Complete Homes Hardware is to offer quality  hardware products in a customer-friendly shopping environment. Our customers will get assistance quickly and will leave the store prepared to get the job done right the first time. Complete homes Hardware will also focus on anticipating the seasonal needs of its customers and providing the best products at competitive prices.   Most importantly, Complete homes Hardware will make the additional 15 minute drive to a mega-hardware store, too far to go and too expensive to entertain. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Market -In Indian retail sector rapid growth in sales from Hardware stores. Sales from Hardware stores are set to expand at growth rates ranging from 37% to 57% during year 2003-2008. Customer- This customer group can have the most frustrating experience in the hardware stores. If they cant make the scheduled demos or trainings, they are left to sort thing out with whoever they can flag down in the store help them. Complete homes Hardware will be set-up to provide resources and assistance as soon as they walk into the store. Technology- Today more technology used in the hardware stores. There are some obvious area and some hidden areas where cost can be pruned and the benefit of this lower cost of retailing can be passed on to the customer as lower prices, which in turned should fuel demand. Competitors- At present time in India market there is more competitor who give competition to each other. Keys to Success Location:   Complete Homes Hardware is located in  Chunchura town near Edwardian Clock Tower.   The foot traffic in the tower is very strong.   The towers primary tenants are the areas successful supermarket, drug store, and appliance store.   Edwardian Clock Tower has easy access points on both of the areas major cross streets and is the biggest shopping center in  tower residential area. The closest hardware store to the clock tower area is a 45 minute drive. Seasonal Products: Each season has it own unique demand on a homeowner.   Complete homes Hardware will focus on this pattern and bring in local customers by marketing these items at competitive prices. Repair/Project Resource Area: The first section customers will find when they enter is a repair/project resource area that they can use to  plan repairs or projects.   There will be a repair/project resource person to answer questions and direct them to the  section of store where the needed products are.   In-Store Expertise: Store employees will be knowledgeable in home repairs/projects.   In addition, the repair/project resource area will be used to conduct short trainings and demonstrations in home repair and home projects. Products And Services of Complete Home Hardware Stores Complete homes Hardware offers the parts, material, and advice to tackle any home repair, as well as lawn care.  The primary focus will be to satisfy the seasonal needs of the areas customers. Fall/Winter: Weatherization projects. Spring: Garden/lawn projects/home improvement projects. Summer: Outdoor building projects. Complete homes Hardware will offer traditional retail hardware.   These products include electrical supplies, automotive, hardware, house wares, lawn and garden, building supplies, paint, plumbing, tools and rental.   There are other small services that will be offered including key cutting, glass cutting, and other small repairs.   C.H Hardware will work with Building Blocks to develop the right product mix.   The initial order of inventory will take into account the fact that this is an urban store and the product mix may contain different items than a suburban store.   Complete homes Hardware will stock traditional retail hardware items.   The product mix will be changed slightly from suburban stores.   Complete Homes Hardware will open the Tool Room Rentals store within the hardware store.   This is a program that will help cash flow as well as increase sales of rental accessories and support items.   Future Products and Services Complete Homes Hardware will listen to its customers to understand what other needs are not being met.   Those needs could include additional store locations in the future and an expansion of products and services offered at the current location.   There may be other businesses that can be offshoots of retail hardware that help service or provide convenience to C.H customers CREDIT SERVICE- We give services to the our customer in which one of the services is to be credit service means a customer can purchase product without pay cash but he/she will pay after some period of time. And this facility depends on the price of the product. DISCOUNTS discounts was also important factor for our store. Because many people want to good quality goods in low price so we also give discount on the product which helps to us in growing. Marketing Plan Now I open my Hardware store in Chunchura town because oldest cultural hubs of west Bengal so I can do survey to check the demand of my Hardware store in that area and we also need to check preference of consumer. Focus on Target Markets The goal is to have our customer base become  reliant on Complete home to  stock items and have solutions  for their needs.   The customers will soon understand the value of the relationship.   Each of the  market segments will have sales initiatives to focus on each group. Complete homes Hardware  cant just market and sell products and services; we must actually deliver as well.   We need to make sure we have the knowledge-intensive business and service-intensive business we claim to have.   This service has to be consistent and deliver what the customer is looking for. Complete homes Hardware will also place ads in the News paper.   The news continues to be a source of a good number of customers. TV9 kannda local  morning TV show goes on location to promote local businesses.   Radio can be used in many different ways,  radio remotes for the opening of the store.   Monthly west Magazine has already identified an issue, a follow up story is very appropriate.   The Monthly west covers new and significant businesses in west Bengal; Complete home feels this store will fit that description. Sales Strategy Complete homes Hardware  will be offering a  convenient solution which  all Chunchura residents need.   Customers will be introduced to C.H through targeted advertising, direct mail,  signage, and word of mouth.   C.H will also take advantage of all the Building Blocks programs that help create loyalty and awareness among the potential customers in the market.    The focus will be on property managers and all Chunchura town businesses to create an awareness of the store location and the fact that the store is a potential solution for retail hardware needs. The sale strategy of Complete homes Hardware is simple. First, create a shopping environment that will create confidence in the customer that he or she will get the needed material, part, or instructions to get the job done right the first time. Second, make the store easy to navigate, so customer can get in and out as quickly as possible. Third, know your customers seasonal hardware needs and offer it at competitive prices . Sales Forecast The goal of Complete homes Hardware will be to develop programs that take as much slack out of the sales as possible and get them in line with the rest of the sales year.   There is a 25% growth predicted for the second year of sales driven by awareness, growth in rentals and growth in commercial sales.   The immediate goal is to achieve  robust sales in the first year.   It is thought that double digit percentage total sales increases  can be achieved and maintained throughout the  five years of this  business plan. Sales Programs Building Blocks has loyalty programs like Building Blocks Rewards that Complete homes Hardware  will participate in.   This program has been developed to build a loyal following of customers that use the card for shopping benefits.   This program will allow these customers to shop  and  make it easy for them to pay for items on account Competitive Edge Location is the biggest key to this business.   There are no true competitors in our business in Chunchura town.   Our future customers have had to work harder to get the same or lesser service less conveniently.   We will be in their back yard and be easy to work with and have products they need.   Complete homes Hardware have staff that understand customer service and how to treat customers so that they want to shop in the Complete homes Hardware environment. Operational Plan Management Summary Gurpreet singh is a excellent staff supervisor and will do very well in managing the staff of Complete homes Hardware. Personnel Plan Complete homes Hardware will have the following staff members: Manager. Assistant Manager. Office Manager/Accountant. Checkers (full time and part time). Two Customer Assistants. Stockers (full time and part time). LAYOUT For opening the hardware store (COMPLETE HOME) for the effective and efficient layout must be based on the following consideration:- Selecting a layout while allows for complete presentation of the merchandise to the customer. A good layout encourages customer to move around the complete store and at times, make an unplanned purchase. Keeping this objective in mind, we have different entry and exit points for the store. We also striking the right balance between space used for displays and services areas so that the returns on the investment is maximized. We also designing the store needs of women, the elderly and disabled person who may visit the store, need to be taken into account and provided for. In our Hardware store also has to be designed keeping in mind the merchandise that we sell in the store and it also target audience. LOCATION So location of my department store in Chunchura town because oldest cultural hubs of west Bengal . Location of retail store is important aspect as customer point of view because location is the critical factor in consumer selection of store and whenever we opened a retail store than we have assumed the different factor which showed our retail store features like as: Demographic features(to know about the potential customer in that area, metropolitan statistical area) Competition(to know about the competitors and how they far from my retail store) Strategic fit(to must know about the life style of potential customer) Operating cost(different area have different cost) No. of small shops in that area Economy of scale MULTI CHANNEL DECISIONS COMPLETE HOME use the multi channel, These channel were used for selling the Hardware good. My Hardware retail use all three channels to interact with its customers. These are following STORE CHANNEL It is provide the browsing to the customers before purchasing of products It is also provided touching and feeling products opportunity to the customer Store channel to given advantage for the customer to get the product immediately after they buy it. INTERNET CHANNEL Our hardware retail provides the information to customer about which the hardware good are available in our retail store. These Internet channels also contain the all information about hardware good price. The benefit of Internet channel as compared with the other two channels is the vast number of consumers to purchase the product easily. RETAIL FORMAT In which I have included the different strategies which lead our business and used different competitive promotional planned which make our retail store attractive and effective. And these should be done according to these points; Nature of merchandise and services offered Pricing policy Advertising and promotion programs Store design and visual merchandising Customer services FINIANCIAL PLAN FOR OUR HARDWARE STORE In this project a huge funds is needed for the Building hardware store so then we can project that how much amount will be need, so it organized into six sections; 1) Cost of project-First step is to be estimate the cost of project and represents the total of all items of outlay associated with a project which are supported by long term funds. It is the sum of the outlays on the following: Land and Site development Buildings and civil works Miscellaneous fixed assets Pre-operative expenses 2) Means of Finance-after estimate cost of project the following means of finance are available: Share capital- there are two types of share capital A) Equity capital-represents the contribution made by the owners of the business B) Preference capital- represents the contribution made by preference shareholder Term Loans-In this project a huge funds is needed for the hardware store so in this way I take a secure loan from bank for this hardware store I secure my own property now which present market value is 3cr it is sufficient for the bank security to give me loan for my project. Miscellaneous source- A small portion of project finance also from miscellaneous source like unsecured loans, public deposits, and leasing and hire purchase finance. 3) Cost of production-The cost of production may also worked out. The major components of production are: Material cost Utilities cost Labour cost Factory overhead cost Profitability projections-The project profitability is good as I choose a profitable location in the heart of the city. My target is that to earn good profits in year. For this goal I really to do work hard and do many things like publicityadvertisent in this way people know about the new hardware store is open in the city. And also projected the profit and loss for the four years. Personnel Plan Year 1 Year 2 Manager 36,000 40,000 Assistant Manager 36,000 39,000 Office Manager/Bookkeeper 36,000 39,000 Checkers 32,400 35,500 Customer Assistants 60,000 68,000 Stockers 39,600 44,000 Other 0 0 Total People 9 9 Total Payroll 240,000 265,500 5) Projected cash flow statements- Then after project profit we also shows the movement of cash into and out of the firm and its net impact on the cash balance. So with this better financial planning, project evaluation and fund control. We also projected the cash flow statement Cash Received (RS IN LACS) Cash from Operations Cash Sales 964,000 Subtotal Cash from Operations 964,000 Additional Cash Received Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received 0 New Current Borrowing 0 New Other Liabilities (interest-free) 0 New Long-term Liabilities 0 Sales of Other Current Assets 0 Sales of Long-term Assets 0 New Investment Received 0 Subtotal Cash Received 964,000 Expenditures Year 1 Expenditures from Operations Cash Spending 240,000 Bill Payments 648,662 Subtotal Spent on Operations 888,662 Additional Cash Spent Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out 0 Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing 0 Other Liabilities Principal Repayment 0 Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment 30,000 Purchase Other Current Assets 0 Purchase Long-term Assets 0 Dividends 0 Subtotal Cash Spent 918,662 Net Cash Flow 45,338 Cash Balance 166,338 Projected balance sheet- we also in the last projected our assets and liabilities of the business. With this we know about our financial strength. Projected balance sheet PARTICULAR OPENING BALANCE CLOSING BALANCE Assets Current Assets Cash 166,338 Inventory 46,200 Other Current Assets 0 Total Current Assets 212,538 Long-term Assets Long-term Assets 30,000 Accumulated Depreciation 4,284 Total Long-term Assets 25,716 Total Assets 238,254 Liabilities and Capital Year 1 Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 61,715 Current Borrowing 0 Other Current Liabilities 0 Subtotal Current Liabilities 61,715 Long-term Liabilities 120,000 Total Liabilities 181,715 Paid-in Capital 80,000 Retained Earnings (79,000) Earnings 55,539 Total Capital 56,539 Total Liabilities and Capital 238,254 Net Worth 56,539 CONCLUSION So after project all the things like market plan, operational plan and also financial plan then we all plan put into the action and control them so the work was going effectively and efficiently. As I select the take a loan from the banks and some fund collect by issue of securities so I have build a good Hardware store which become attractive. So my hardware store name is COMPLETE HOME which means complete your dream home. And we always aim to provide the good product and services to our consumer . REFRENCES www.businessplan.com http://www.bplans.com/hardware_retail_franchise_business_plan/financial_plan_fc.cfm http://www.scribd.com/doc/21040477/Retail-Formats http://www.indiahardwarestores.in/ BOOKS SWAPNA PRADHAN PRASANA CHANDRA

Theories of Personality Essays -- Psychology, Personality Test

Introversion has the greatest chance of negatively affecting SLA. Students that are afraid of embarrassing themselves by speaking incorrectly or by not being able to speak at all may try to avoid opportunities that would otherwise aid their learning (Zhang, 2008). Since 1960, personality has emerged as major field of specialization among doctoral candidates (Vance & Macphail, 1964). Many investigations have been accomplished followed by literature on a variety of theories of personality. The importance on individual differences and distinctiveness of the individual are the most frequent features of the study of personality. There is a guarantee that each person’s profile is different from that of another person and thus, each person has unique personality (Allport & Odbert, 1936). Nevertheless, the question is how do we determine personality? In general, the easiest approach to do this was through the observations of individual differences. Though, the validity and reliability of such observation can be questioned as it is not efficient and systematic adequately. On the other han...

Odysseus: The Qualities of a Hero Essay

â€Å"The Odyssey† by Homer is one of the most recognized epics in world literature. It traces the decade-long journey of Odysseus back to Ithaca after he fought in the Trojan War. He was able to survive the dangerous ten-year voyage which he experienced and safely arrive home. Indeed, Odysseus is a truly admirable character, but what what makes him especially laudable is his physical strength, courage, and cunning. One admirable quality which Odysseus possesses is his physical strength. Like all Homeric heroes, Odysseus has remarkable physical strength. In Book 18, he displays such strength even under the disguise of a poor man. Another beggar named Arnaeus, also called Irus, insults Odysseus. Arnaeus challenges Odysseus to a fight and mocks him that he would be easily defeated because he is much older than his opponent. Odysseus truly proves him wrong. Homer writes, â€Å"Odysseus smote him on the neck beneath the ear and crushed in the bones, and straightway the red blood ran forth from his mouth† (18. 95). This is proof of Odysseus’ strength; he was able to defeat a man who was younger than him. While it is true that the goddess Athena did strengthen Odysseus for the fight, he was already physically strong to begin with. Another example of Odysseus’ physical strength can be found in Book 21. In this book, Penelope tells her suitors that she would finally choose the man who could string Odysseus’ bow and shoot an arrow with it as her husband; this arrow should pass through each of 12 axes (21. 74-80). None of the suitors succeed in Penelope’s given task. Odysseus then offers to string the bow which enrages the suitors because they are terrified he might succeed. Later on, he does justify the fears of his foes. According to Homer, â€Å"even as when a man well-skilled in the lyre and in song easily stretches the string about a new peg, making fast at either end the twisted sheep-gut–so without effort did Odysseus string the great bow† (21. 405-410). Thus, once again, Odysseus proves his physical strength. Another distinguishing quality which makes Odysseus admirable is his courage. In Book 10, a goddess places Odysseus’ men in a humiliating situation. Circe drugs Odysseus’ men and with her wand, she transforms them into pigs and places them in pigsties (10. 235-240). Eurylochus, who was spared from Circe’s magic because he did not enter her home, immediately goes to Odysseus to tell him what happened to his men. Without hesitation, Odysseus takes his sword and bow to confront the goddess. Eurylochus has become terrified by Circe’s power that he refuses to come with Odysseus (10. 265-270). This circumstance is a testament to how courageous Odysseus is. While he was aware of the danger which he was about to confront, he proceeded to face the challenge without fear. Unlike Eurylochus, Odysseus dared to challenge Circe to save his men. In Book 12, Odysseus also reveals his courage. Circe warns him about two dangers he would encounter in his trip: Scylla and Charybdis. Odysseus asks the goddess, â€Å"tell me this thing truly, if in any wise I might escape from fell Charybids, and ward off that other, when she works harm to my comrades? † (12. 111). Circe answers him, â€Å"Rash man, lo, now again thy heart is set on the deeds of war and on toil† (12. 116). The inquiry of Odysseus exposes his courage, for he welcomes a fight between him and two enemies at one time. In addition, he disobeyed Circe’s orders when he wore his armor as his ship approached Scylla. This shows that he was courageous enough to have the intention of fighting the monster. The most admirable quality of Odysseus is his cunning. He proves to be an individual who skillfully uses trickery and deception to further his own ends. Throughout the epic, Odysseus demonstrates his cunning in multiple occasions. In Book 4, both Menelaus and Helen narrate to Telemachus how cunning his father is. According to Helen, Odysseus is sly enough to consider dressing up as a beggar to enter enemy territory. In an effort to enter Troy without being noticed, he clothes himself in rags and appears to have cuts and bruises. In such disguise, Odysseus deceives the Trojans and successfully enters the city unnoticed (4. 244-245). Menelaus adds that it was also Odysseus who prevented them from leaving the wooden horse when they were obviously being tricked to reveal themselves (4. 284). In these scenarios, Odysseus was able to contribute to the war effort of the Achaeans through his cunning. However, the most notable example of Odysseus’ cunning is found in Book 9. Odysseus and his men arrive in the land of Cyclops where the son of Poseidon named Polyphemus resides. They slaughter the goats in his land and consume the cheese from his cave. This angers Polyphemus, and he takes them as prisoners inside his cave. Odysseus then devises a clever plan to defeat the creature. First, he makes the monster drunk from the wine he brought from his ships. As Odysseus pours the wine, Polyphemus asks his name. When Odysseus was sure that Polyphemus was drunk, he responds: â€Å"Noman is my name† (9. 366). Polyphemus falls as a result of inebriation; Odysseus and his men immediately take a hot wooden staff in the eye of the monster. Polyphemus screams in pain, getting the attention of the other Cyclops. When they asked Polyphemus what was happening, he replies: â€Å"It is Noman is slaying me† (9. 407). The false name Odysseus gave Polyphemus allows him and his men to escape the monster’s lair without being properly identified as the attacker. This incident is the best proof of how cunning Odysseus is. The protagonist of Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey† is indeed an admirable character. With his physical strength, courage, and cunning, Odysseus has proven himself a true hero after he overcame all the obstacles in his journey. These three qualities make Odysseus a character which readers can look up to. Work Cited Homer. â€Å"The Odyssey. † Perseus Digital Library. Trans. Samuel Butler. 16 June 2009 .

The Role of Alcohol in Dubliners Essay Essays

The Role of Alcohol in Dubliners Essay Essays The Role of Alcohol in Dubliners Essay Essay The Role of Alcohol in Dubliners Essay Essay Essay Topic: Dubliners The function of intoxicant in Joyce James’ Dubliners can be seen in three narratives: The Dead. A Small Cloud and Counterparts. Alcohol is used by some of the characters who wishes to bask and get away. As the author’s technique. she wanted to connote how intoxicant is used during the clip that she wrote the book. Alcohol has ever been present in the civilization of people in Europe. Alcohol imbibing ritual makes a individual temporarily escape world. In Dubliners. intoxicant is one great influence in the characters of Farrington from the narrative Counterparts. Thomas Chandler from the narrative A Little Cloud and Freddy Malins from the narrative The Dead. Alcohol is used to stress the subject of palsy that the writer wishes to demo to its readers. There are events in the life of Farrington from the narrative Counterparts that he clings on to alcohol in order to get away world. He is a arch worker because he steals company clip in order to take long hours of tiffin interruption. But alternatively of eating on eating houses or at the office canteen. he went to different bars and indulge himself with intoxicant. But so his foreman eventually discovered his misconduct and told him that he is given merely half an hr for tiffin and non an hr and a half. But this does non shaken Farrington at all. he kept on get awaying from his duties and spends most of the clip imbibing. He has his on grounds for imbibing. for him it is a manner to acquire off from jobs. Alternatively of loving his occupation as a clerk. he loves alcohol even more. Because of this. he loss his occupation by neglecting to carry through a given undertaking. He was excessively busy looking frontward to the dark he will pass imbibing with his friends that he forgot to subject an of import paper. His imaginativeness of what happy their imbibing session could be made him free his focal point on his occupation. He was insulted by his foreman but alternatively of apologising he choose to travel out of the office instantly. He is willing to give everything in topographic point of intoxicant. He pawn his ticker to hold some money for imbibing. When the clip comes for Farrington and his friends to imbibe. Alcohol truly made him bury all his defeats and depressions from his occupation. The drink made his personally more boost alternatively. He proudly told his friend how he fight back his foreman and how he ridiculed him. Farrington went on saloon hoping with his friends which made him pass and pass tonss of money. He felt a little defeated because of this and so he decided to contend an arm wrestle to affect people. But because of the consequence of the intoxicant. he loss the conflict. Alcohol made Farrington a careless adult male. His occupation is replaced by intoxicant and when he went place he found out that there is no nutrient for his household. All because of his immense disbursement in the bars that he and his friends went to. The truth that there is no nutrient for them made him angry and he ended up crushing his hapless boy. Freddy Malin from the narrative The Dead is a good known rummy. Once he is already intoxicated. he is non cognizant of he’s errors. For Freddy Malin intoxicant means a batch in relation to his societal life and conviviality. But so he is incognizant of his actions one time he is intoxicated. That is why on the event that Kate and Julia Morkin organizes a party for their nephew Gabriel Conroy. tonss of nutrient and drinks are served as expected. When Freddy Malins entered the hall. Aunt Kate asks Gabriel to look for him since he might acquire drunk once more. Since one of the guest Mr. Browne is besides making dirty concern with other ladies during that dark. Gabriel decided to allow the two be joined together to avoid unneeded events. Mr. Browne gave Freddy lemonade alternatively of spirits to avoid being intoxicated. Alcohol besides plays an of import function in the narrative A Little Cloud. Here. Thomas Chandler met up his friend Ignatius Gallaher. The two went on imbibing for old time’s interest. The two had a good clip speaking over beer bottles about their callings. Alcohol made Thomas a sentimental sap. His lower status and depression comes out upon hearing the success narrative of his friend. He felt thankless of his state of affairs as a hapless household adult male. He could hold been happy for his friend alternatively of being covetous. But since the consequence of intoxicant is at that place. negativeness comes out of his rummy head. His resentment continuously shows when he even promote his friend to hold a household of his ain so that the conversation be changed. But still Gallaher refuses his suggestion because when he gets married he can non go any longer. Thomas is truly aghast and discontented of his state of affairs. He is non sober any longer that’s why many things came across his head. He could hold been a good author if he did non get married early. Thomas Gallaher goes home frustrated and depress. The consequence of intoxicant besides made him bemused with so many sick feelings and ideas. He even forgot to purchase java which his married woman told him to make so earlier that twenty-four hours. He sits with their kid in their house while contemplating on his life’s letdowns. He even questioned his matrimonial position and fault it for remaining in Dublin and non sing what success his friend has. He ended up being scolded by his married woman because he was excessively busy believing that he did non detect that their kid was already shouting. Drinking in the instances of the three characters are presented as their natural act. Actions are already done without giving any idea on it if it is truly needed or non. Farrington could hold salvage some money for his household alternatively of passing all of it on imbibing and clubbing. His actions is made worst by intoxicant. Alternatively of being depress for his occupation. he even boasted and told his friend what he did to his foreman. The head is non working decently because of the giddiness caused by intoxicant. He ended up crushing his boy who neer did any incorrect to him. Freddy Malins on the other manus ever connects intoxicant with conviviality. For him. this is his beginning of felicity. That’s why on any event. people tend to look over him so that they will do it certain that he remains sober until the party is over. Where in fact. he could make it entirely by reasonably imbibing and believing foremost of the effects of his actions. In the instance of Thomas Gallaher. intoxicant made him more sensitive. His inebriation gave him an emotional incapacity. He is filled with excessively much strivings and defeats. His poorness made him compare his life to his friend which made his state of affairs more hard. He blames his being married to all his wretchedness which neer gave him any good. The writer uses intoxicant to demo the manner characters betrays their personality. They wanted to get away world thats why they chose to imbibe alternatively of puting things directly. The subject of palsy is justified by intoxicant because it makes the characters incapable of making things. Their head is crippled and cluttered with intoxicant that made them determinations that are unmanageable. Plants Cited Joyce. James. Dubliners. London: Penguin Classicss. 1956.

Free Essays on Research

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.1.1 General Discussion â€Å"The development of the motor vehicle industry in Australia had been the result of government intervention and directives rather than entrepreneurial skills applied in a free market† (www.ibisworld.com.au). The industry was characterised by a large amount of assistance such as the protectionist policies which began in 1902, five years after the first car was built. There were high tariff levels of 57.5 percent as well as import quotas of 20 percent (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦). The federal government decided that it wanted a complete car manufactured in Australia so in 1944, this challenge was taken up by General Motors, Holden Limited. Twenty years after, the government made an announcement about the Australian made vehicle (www.ibisworld.com.au). In 1985, there was another policy adopted by the Australian car industry. It was known as the Button Plan and the main objective of the plan was to reduce the number of manufacturers from five to three and to expose the industry to more competition by phasing down import tariffs (www.ibisworld.com.au). In 1996, there was a reduction of tariffs to 25.0 percent (www.ibisworld.com.au). In 1976, there were two new manufacturers in the motor vehicle industry of Australia. They were AMI Toyota and Nissan. Due to their entry into the market, production costs increased. In 1984 and 1985, the production sector recorded profits on the domestic Profitability on Passenger motor vehicle (PMV). However, in 1986, there were significant losses and downfall in the domestic market for PMVs (www.ibisworld.com.au). Ford and Mitsubishi recorded profits, while Holden and AMI Toyota had a big loss. The motor vehicle sector itself made a loss of $224 million in 1990 (www.ibisworld.com.au). Although sales declined in 1986 and 1987, investment expenditure continued to increase till 1988 when the level of investment fell due to the completion of the... Free Essays on Research Free Essays on Research 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.1.1 General Discussion â€Å"The development of the motor vehicle industry in Australia had been the result of government intervention and directives rather than entrepreneurial skills applied in a free market† (www.ibisworld.com.au). The industry was characterised by a large amount of assistance such as the protectionist policies which began in 1902, five years after the first car was built. There were high tariff levels of 57.5 percent as well as import quotas of 20 percent (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦). The federal government decided that it wanted a complete car manufactured in Australia so in 1944, this challenge was taken up by General Motors, Holden Limited. Twenty years after, the government made an announcement about the Australian made vehicle (www.ibisworld.com.au). In 1985, there was another policy adopted by the Australian car industry. It was known as the Button Plan and the main objective of the plan was to reduce the number of manufacturers from five to three and to expose the industry to more competition by phasing down import tariffs (www.ibisworld.com.au). In 1996, there was a reduction of tariffs to 25.0 percent (www.ibisworld.com.au). In 1976, there were two new manufacturers in the motor vehicle industry of Australia. They were AMI Toyota and Nissan. Due to their entry into the market, production costs increased. In 1984 and 1985, the production sector recorded profits on the domestic Profitability on Passenger motor vehicle (PMV). However, in 1986, there were significant losses and downfall in the domestic market for PMVs (www.ibisworld.com.au). Ford and Mitsubishi recorded profits, while Holden and AMI Toyota had a big loss. The motor vehicle sector itself made a loss of $224 million in 1990 (www.ibisworld.com.au). Although sales declined in 1986 and 1987, investment expenditure continued to increase till 1988 when the level of investment fell due to the completion of the...

Three Types of Galaxies essays

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Comparative Analysis of Two Teachers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Culture & Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

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Articles Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Dell, Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Articles Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Dell, Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dell, Inc - Research Paper Example The company has gained significant recognition in the world and is currently the number three supplier of computers in the world. This paper is going to highlight the business cycle of Dell, including risks the company faces, and the reason for their success. Dell computers face challenges in its demand. The company offers its computers at low cost. The low price makes customers buy the computers. Lower prices and high quality made dell computers become so popular all over the world. An increase in demand required an increase in supply. Dell expanded its company size and was able to manufacture many computers, making it the number one shipper of computers as by 2012. Consumer’s income always affects the supply of demand of a product(Hawken, 1988). It also depends on the commodity. A customer will not spend more than what he earns. Dell established itself in the high life areas of Texas. These are places where people are high-class earners. The demand for dell was on the rise here, and more people came to know about dell. It was the baseline for the success of Dell as more and more people came to know about it. After reaching the big markets, Dell reduced its prices to favor the low class earners. Prices of goods that relate to each other are forces that affect supply and demand. HP and Lenovo are the main competitors of Dell. Each company has different prices on their computers. HP computers are cheaper than Dell computers. This has made HP have higher demand in their products compared to Dell. If goods are of same characteristics, but from different companies, people will favor the cheap one. HP is the number one PC vendor in the world because of this. Dell is trying to improve its demand by reducing the prices of their goods. Computer companies always face competition in the markets based on the level of production. The systems in the computers are very

Video games and Kids Essay Example for Free

Video games and Kids Essay Video games have a positive and negative effect on kids. Video games affect the kids health, for example lead to cardiovascular implication. Also affect their education when affecting their cognition. Others video games effects on kids are when affecting their social and behaviors. Parents need to involve and regulate their children‘s gaming habit. Video games attribute in big portion in kids behavior. Video game affect kids negatively could be a good reason to make a kid violent and make him a killer. According to Anderson, Craig A at â€Å"Violent Video Games and Other Media Violence† he said that video game. Video games affect kids and make theme violent. When the kids consume a lot of violent materiel, he gets confuse between the reality and the fantasy. The kids think that hitting, kicking are allowed in real life. According to Anderson, Craig A, he sees in his essay â€Å"Violent Video Games and Other Media Violence (Part 1)† that the player needs to distinguish between fantasy and real violence. AS result, the player exposes his violence toward his surrounding and become violent. Anderson suggest at the same essay that video games are not only the cause for violence, but others effect as biological, neighborhood and family could attribute in this violence. Video games affect kids’ education and learning. Kids spend more time in playing rather than finishing their school tasks. As consequence, they have a poor grade and low knowledge. According to KIRA BAILEY in his study â€Å"A negative association between video game experience and proactive cognitive control† he said that after the three studies indicate that high levels of video consumption may be associated with a reduction in the efficiency of those processes supporting cognitive control that arise from interactions between anterior cingulated and lateral frontal cortex. Video games affect kids ‘health in too many ways. According to Dorman, Steve M. in his study â€Å"Video and computer games: Effect on children and implications for health education. † First: Cardiovascular Implications is consequence of less activity, because in USA children adopt sedentary lifestyle at early age and they prefer play video games rather than involving in different sport or other physical activities. Video games affect kid’s behavior and social life. According to Messerly, John G, â€Å"How Computer Games Affect CS (and other) Students’ School Performance;† He said: My methodology was simple: I asked students— all computer science majors in an undergraduate program—whether they knew someone whose scholastic or social life had been harmed by computer games. About 90% answered affirmatively, describing students whose fascination chained them to their apartments or dorm rooms for days, weeks, even semesters. Many admitted to having or having had this problem themselves. The effect Is exacerbated by so-called role-playing games like Age of Kings, Dark Age of Camelot, and Ever quest, with addictive power so great some call it Ever-crack. Players create characters and alter egos in cyberspace living out their personal fantasies, usually by adopting the traits they believe they lack in the real world. My informal surveys suggest there is something particularly addictive, if not sinister, about role-playing. (29) Video games have a positive effect on kids. Video games could be a good way to motivate kids. For example, be a good motivate for the kids to finish their duties. Kids could be reward with extra play time, or earn their video games after finishing their tasks. Also a good choice of video games, like challenging games could make kids smart when learning about different subject. Video games could be a good help in kids education. According to Annetta, Leonard A. â€Å"Video Games in Education: Why they should be used and how they are being used. † In her essay, she mentions that the games are not limited in played, but they could be a good explanation for real life. Kids get new information in the virtual world of video games without really knowing that they‘re learning. Anneta , Leonard mentions in her other essay â€Å" Video Games AND Simulation AS Teaching Tools†. She says that the enticement of video games can be used to enhance K-12 education. Also the use of video games could replace a traditional teaching. She gives North Carolina State University (NSCU) as example, because they encourage video games as a supplement to normal instruction. Also she says that virtual-learning environments being introduce to school through (Innovative Gaming Networks In Teacher Education), a synchronous, online graduate course1 and through HI FIVES (Highly Interactive Fun Internet Virtual Environment in Science2. Video games play a big role in health field, strange but true. According to Healthcare Financial Management â€Å"Video Games: Good for your Health†. The games helping in health are: * Games for rehabilitation and therapy which aid balance and mobility in Parkinson’s patients, others used as a â€Å"distraction device† to control pain and stress. * Exergaming which incorporate physical activity, such workout game, or games that make you move to get to the target, for example, kinnect. * Games for major healthcare provider: Insurance companies met to discuss ways to use videogame technology to solve critical healthcare challenges. Additionally, a team of graduate students at Carnegie Mel- Ions Entertainment Technology Center has developed a game called Project ER, designed to lower stress for 60,000 children who visit the EDs of Pittsburgh Medical Centers each year. During a test run, the team gathered considerable research on how to deploy such systems in healthcare settings. * The rise in games for first responders and medical professionals: One new game system allows health professionals to interact with 3-D simulations of emergency healthcare environments. Additionally, an online, multiplayer game trains physicians to communicate more effectively with their patients. Parents need to be aware of the video games danger. And also need to take advantage of the good side of the technology and guide their kids. According to website (media-awareness. ca/english/parent/video games/index. cfm) Amy Phillips says in her essay â€Å"Console video games† that the video games encourages teamwork, increase self-confidence and improve hand and eye coordination, but in negative side the kids could have trouble distinguishing fantasy from reality in the games. According to the website, the parents need to involve and have a concern about video games. Parents of young children should be aware of the following concern: Young children may become more aggressive and fearful if they are exposed to high levels of violence in video games. The violence portrayed in video games usually has no consequences, and is often there for the sake of humor. Parents need to watch what the kids are playing in the computer and video games. Parents need to follow up with video game rating. For example; at 2008 study by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) found that 20% of children under 17 surveyed had bought at least one M-rated game. A study by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that three-quarters of boys in grades seven to twelve had played Grand Theft Auto, an M-rated game. The entertainment industry aggressively markets violent media to young children. In September 2000, the U. S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) released a report that exposed how the media industries actively target young children with violent entertainment meant for adults. According to the FTC, almost every video-game company they investigated regularly marketed violent M-rated games to children. For instance, the E-rated game LittleBigPlanet includes content intended to promote another Sony game, Metal Gear Solid 4, which is rated M. Toys based on action characters from games meant for mature players are often marketed to young children. Halo, an ultra-violent video game rated for players 17 and older, has spawned action figures marketed to children under 8 years old. Other issue is Childrens ideas of what it means to be male and female can be negatively influenced by stereotypes found in media. Video games are designed by males for males, and so generally contain very few female characters. Those females that do appear are often portrayed as victims, while the male characters are the aggressors. The study Video Game Characters and the Socialization of Gender Roles shows that young people hold perceptions of gender roles that mirror how men and women are depicted in video games. Many games popular among youth are either played online or downloaded from sites such as Newgrounds and eBaums World. The ESRB rating system does not cover such games. User-created content is an increasing part of todays games. This means that even if the original game has a rating appropriate for your child, it may be possible to download additional content that is not. Games often have a multiplayer component which allows children to play with other people over the Internet. These multiplayer games usually permit conversation between players which is typically immoderate. Other people see that the video games have a positive side on general and for example using the video games in health and in school.

A Purposeless Pilgrimage: The Canterbury Tales

A Purposeless Pilgrimage: The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories told by the characters within the story, written by Geoffrey Chaucer. He wrote with a strong opinion which he uses to make a blatant statement about the Roman Catholic Church. His opinion is that people within the church, including the leaders can be living hypocritical lives. It reflects the idea that the characters in The Canterbury Tales were on a purposeless, spiritually meaningless pilgrimage. This piece directly addressed the religious issues of the common Englishman. Chaucer was not the only one to shine light on the religious hypocrisy, but he allowed even those of lower standing to become knowledgeable with the publishing of The Canterbury Tales. The most interesting development of Chaucers idea is that history agreed with his desire for change in the church. The Canterbury Tales altered the standing of the Roman Catholic Church by expressing to the common man that corruption existed within the commonly accepted church. Chaucer created The Canterbury Tales, a story of a pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral in which each of the characters tell tales with morals. Chaucer began the prologue from the perspective of the main character. The nameless character was on his way to Canterbury Cathedral when he crossed paths with a large group headed in the same direction. He joined their group of twenty-nine, and he enlightened the reader to the appearances and personalities of his new acquaintances (Eds, 95. 19-27). Chaucer reached a new crowd with The Canterbury Tales in the way that common people could relate. Each character had a career, spouse and family; ambitions, motives, and a reputation. Although Chaucer never completed his initial plans for The Canterbury Tales, he wrote the prologue and twenty-four tales (Eds 90). Prentice Hall Literature claims, regardless of the technically incomplete work, the tales, stand together as a complete work, (90). This poem used the pilgrims and their stories to further the underlining message. The Canterbury Tales is a literary work which showed the prominence of religion in Chaucers time. At this time in England, Catholicism was the most predominant form of Christianity. Church leaders held great strength; their influence was remarkable. Singman and McClean venture so far as to say, Being a part of medieval England was in fact the same as being part of the church. All Christians in Western Europe were subject to the spiritual authority of the Pope (the Catholic Church was the only officially accepted church in Western Europe, although there were other churches elsewhere,) (26). Another large religious influence was the encouragement of monasticism. KÃ ¼ng wrote, In the officious church ideal view, the medieval world was a world dominated by priests, nuns, monks, and their ideal of continence, (105). Church, spirituality, and religion were fairly large aspects of the England before The Canterbury Tales. The Canterbury Tales altered the standing of the Roman Catholic Church. Hidden truths can be found through the characters and the tales of the pilgrims. Despite the fact that The Canterbury Tales is fiction, these people represented Englishmen of this time. Chaucer explained to the readers who they are and where they have come from. Many times he described with honorable qualities, yet the unfortunate, shameful qualities outweighed the positive. Anthony of Taize said, Chaucer, no doubt, more or less realized that he was better equipped to represent fallen nature than effective grace. That would help explain why critics use the word idealized to qualify Parson and Ploughman portraits. Still, he certainly knew a thing or two about the possible alternatives to the primrose path. The church could no longer be viewed the same due to the truths of the pilgrims. To note the troubled motives of the pilgrimage, Chaucer used examples of people who were expected to understand the significance of the pilgrimage. The Nun or Prioress was the first notable character. She earned the position of aristocracy and was a very refined and cultured woman. This nun, Madam Eglantyne was said to be greatly sentimental and kind, as well as wearing a bracelet with prayer beads and singing a daily prayer (122-166). Interestingly, she made her religious act of prayer very public; often times that is not necessary. In Matthew 6:5 it says, And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by men. I tell you the truth, they have received their reward in full, (The Treasure Study Bible 1324). Verse six and seven continue on to say prayer should often be private and personal. Although praying in public is not wrong, the motives of the Nun are questionable. Her prayers seem to have bee n simply out of duty. Swisher claims, [The] Prioress is more worldly than religious, (39). She gave the appearance of being spiritual, yet she does seem to be more concerned with etiquette. Her focus may have been on proper living and etiquette, but the Nun certainly would not be considered corrupt in comparison to her fellow spiritual aristocrats, the Monk and the Friar. Regarding the Monk, Chaucer wrote, The Rule of St. Benet or St. Maur/ As old and strict he tended to ignore; /He let go by the things of yesterday/ And took the moderns worlds more spacious way, (177-180). This monk certainly did not have the desire to oppose the ways of the world. He enjoyed food, and hunting and he spared no expense, (196). The Monk presented the disappointing reality of the devout religious figures. In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer allowed the reader to know the Friar is a man who should not be trusted. The Friar, named Hubert, was an openly religious man (279). He was a member of all four of the monastic orders, yet he lived simply the way he wanted. Chaucer wrote, For he was qualified to hear confessions, / Or so he said, with more than priestly scope; / He had a special license from the Pope, (223-224). Chaucer then suggested, Therefore instead of weeping or prayer / One should give silver for a poor Friars care, (235-236). In lines 245-250, Chaucer described his relationship with barmaids and the nearby taverns. He wrote, For in so eminent as a man as he/ It was not fitting with the dignity/ Of his position. He embraced worldly living. Worldly living entirely contradicts the concept of being a friar. He rebuked those with a speck in their eye, ignoring the plank in his own (Matthew 7:3, The Treasure Study Bible 1326) . The stanzas continue recording all of the worldly activi ties in which he was involved. He abused his power, took advantage of the vulnerable, and participated in an immoral lifestyle. On the other hand for the first time in the entire prologue, the reader feels appreciation for one of the pilgrims. He was a holy-minded man, (487) who Chaucer declared truly knew Christs gospel and would preach it, (491). The Parson was diligent, humble, and led by following Gods Word himself. Chaucer never claimed such respectable things of the other twenty-eight pilgrims. This ideal pilgrim represented the hope for the Roman Catholic Church when everything else was falling apart. The genuine life of the Parson pointed out that not all of the church was in the wrong. The Parson represented the remaining purity. His lifestyle choices were almost directly opposite of the many other pilgrims. One notable difference was his extreme selflessness. Chaucer wrote, He much disliked extorting tithe or fee, unlike the Pardoner. He helped fellow Christians in need; he was just a call away (495-504).Chaucer was very clear about his standing with the Parson. I think there never was a better prie st. / He sought no pomp or glory in his dealing, / No scrupulosity had spiced his feelings./ Christ and His Twelve Apostles and their lore/ He taught, but followed it himself before, ( 534-536). True Christianity was certainly not prevalent in the message in The Canterbury Tales. Excluding the Parson, the majority of its characters contradicted the belief of purity and godliness. Chaucer saved the most extreme character descriptions for last; the Pardoner was one of the strongest examples of a corrupt religious character in The Canterbury Tales. The Pardoner sold relics of no value and of no significance to the gullible Christians by his convicting songs and sermons. John Wellford says, He is therefore a 14th century English version of the snake-oil salesman. He took advantage of the ignorant and deceived congregations into handing in hard-earned money for fake souvenirs. The most horrifying idea the Pardoner presented is the irony in his sermons and his lifestyle. He lived his life knowing right and doing wrong. The Pardoner was a man who led his life radically in contradiction to his supposed beliefs. The Pardoners moral in his tale was Radix malorum est cupiditas. The moral means Greed is the root of all evil, in Latin (Chaucer line 8, 142). His purpose in telling the tale was to reap the benefits of those simply wanting forgiveness and a relationship with God. The Pardoner wanted tangible benefits. He stated, But let me briefly make my purpose plain; I preach for nothing but for greed of gain, (41-42). Salvation of his listeners was completely insignificant to him (23). With the Pardoner, Chaucer provided a solid example of what the pilgrims should not be. Chaucers Canterbury Tales changed the way people viewed the Catholic Church. He chose to write a fictional story, yet his intentions are still clear. One cannot misconstrue a segment from The Canterbury Tales prologue. Chaucer wrote, For if a priest be foul in whom we trust / No wonder that a common man should rust; / And shame it is to see-let priests take stock-/ A soiled shepherd and a snowy flock. / The true example that a priest should give / Is one of cleanness, how the sheep should live, (511-515). Chaucer needed the common man to see the hypocrisy and double standards of the Roman Catholic Church in the thirteenth century. Conveniently, as history shows, reform was soon on its way (Collinson). Elton declared, The Church was full of weaknesses and abuses; reforms had been talked about for a very long time, (105). The Canterbury Tales assisted in preparation for what is known as The Reformation of the fourteenth century. The Roman Catholic Church was put on the spot, revealing the need for reform. The Canterbury Tales emphasized the realties of the Roman Catholic Church in Chaucers age. Chaucers piece of literature created quite the disruption in the typical view of accepting the church. He used the pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral to speak on the spiritual status of the nation and church. There was a very clear message of hypocrisy in the majority of the pilgrims who claim Christianity in the story. Looking from a Biblical perspective, their doctrine does not agree with their actions. The Canterbury Tales strengthened the desire for purity within the church.

The Many Eccentricities of Kim Jong Il Essay -- International Governme

Over the course of history, it can be determined that the most evil of dictators follow the same set of characteristics. Generally, these tyrants rule with an iron fist, deploying military power whenever they feel they should. They often funnel their state’s coffers into their own personal bank accounts, and it is common for dictators to force their people to treat them with the utmost reverence and respect. These traits are seen in rulers like Hitler, Stalin, Mugabe and Hussein. However, there is one dictator set apart from the rest--the North Korean former President Kim Jong Il. It is Il’s eccentricities, of which there are many, distinguish from the other members of Dictator’s Club. Kim Jong Il has been characterized by many renowned psychologists as narcissistic, antisocial, sadistic, paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal, as per what a â€Å"normal† dictator can be diagnosed with. However, he has also been typified as pteromerhanophobic, or deathly afraid of flying. This leads to his first eccentricity: his insistence of leaving North Korea only by armored train. The train spans seven rail-cars with two electric diesel cars to pull it along. Its windows are bulletproof, and though it does not seem to be armored, the fuselage of the cars is made from heavy metal plating. Though armored trains are not generally considered useful, and most are not in use, Il employed his regularly, using it to travel to such destinations as Moscow, Beijing and Siberia. A Russian emissary who traveled by the train described it as very ornate, and also disclosed that Il had had live lobsters airlifted daily to the galley car. Another traveler aboard the train said Kim Jong Il had multiple sets of pure-silver chopsticks stored aboard with which he might... ...w.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/8965098/Kim-Jong-il-double-rainbows-fear-of-flying-and-Godzilla-10-things-you-might-not-know.html>. "No Motherland Without You." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 May 2012. Web. 25 May 2012. . Fuller, Graham. "Mad for the Movies: On Kim Jong-Il's Insane Obsession With Hollywood (and Elizabeth Taylor)." Artinfo. 19 Dec. 2011. Web. 25 May 2012. . Savage, Mark. "Kim Jong-il: The Cinephile Despot." BBC News. BBC, 19 Dec. 2011. Web. 25 May 2012. "Pteromerhanophobia." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 May 2012. Web. 27 May 2012. .

Racism in America :: Racist Racial Discrimination

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many people are not aware of how much racism still exists in our schools, workforces, and anywhere else where social lives are occurring. â€Å"Nine out of ten people in society today believe that racism does not exist† (Hutchinson 5). It is obvious that racism is bad as it was many decades ago, but it sure has not gone away. Racism very much exists and it is about time that people need to start thinking about the instigations and solutions to this matter. Many people today live their lives oblivious to what is happening in the world around them, often trying to convince themselves that racism is not a problem in their world. Others know all about the problem, but don’t really realize that they themselves could possibly be adding to the problem by discriminating against someone else’s human rights, and at the same time going around saying how open minded they are. Many people also believe that it depends on if a person was brought into the world as a racist or not, but that is not the case at all. In fact, an individual cannot be born a racist but only learn to become one as they grow from childhood to adulthood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is racism really? Racism is not knowing anything about someone when you look at them, but disliking them anyway, not because of who they are, but what they are. Racism is cowardly. More importantly, racism is a weakness and an obvious sign of ignorance. So what is it that makes us racist? More than likely it is fear of the unknown. In other words, it is lack of education. The only way to better this ignorance is to educate oneself. Since racism is learned and not genetic, it is something that needs to be taken care of in school starting form young children. In Brown v. Board of Education, the whole issue was that schools could be segregated only if they were â€Å"equal†. This was decided by the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. Schools in the South were not equal so Brown v. Board of Education was filed. â€Å"Supreme Court Judge Earl Warren decided with the rest of the Supreme Court that segregated schools were in fact unlawful† (Hutchinson 10). Sch ools went through drastic changes but some schools didn’t like the idea. â€Å"Schools in Prince Edward County had closed due to the ruling and children in the county lost out on their education†(Hutchinson 10).

Long Day’s Journey Into Night

In Eugene O’Neill’s play A Long Day’s Journey into Night, the main protagonist, Mary Tyrone, functions as an instrument of suffering of others. Her sons Jamie and Edmund both suffer internal tragedies that could easily be blamed on her. Like her sons, her husband Tyrone faces his own internal conflicts, some of which are because of Mary. Mary Tyrone is a â€Å"recovering† addict who has an extremely hard time admitting her problem and is sometimes in denial about her problem. Her denial is a huge factor in the suffering that her sons and husband have.Jamie, Mary’s eldest son, is an alcoholic that undermines his brother. In the earlier half of the play the reader learns from Tyrone that Jamie hates Edmund and is extremely jealous and angry towards him. This becomes evident later on the in the play when Jamie tells Edmund how he feels using terms such as â€Å"Mama’s baby and Papa’s pet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (167), showing the reader his enviou s feelings. Jamie is jealous towards Edmund and resents the fact that he was ever born. Because all of Jamie’s jealousy is due to Edmund’s birth, the true blame and jealousy is toward Mary for giving birth to Edmund.Jamie knows, as well as Mary, knows that the reason for Edmund’s birth was due to the loss of her second son Eugene. After Eugene died Mary felt lost and empty and decided to give birth to a third child, Edmund, in hopes of helping her cope with the loss of her second son. Knowing this adds to Jamie’s jealousy towards Edmund and his bitterness towards his mother. Not only is Jamie angry at his mother for having Edmund, he is angry at her for being in denial of her problem.He knows that his mother is a morphine addict but cannot accept the fact that she won’t admit she is back into her habit. Her addiction causes his addiction. Jamie’s anger towards his mother’s obsession causes him to drink. The more Mary denies her action the more Jamie drinks. Although he is aware of her addiction, he tries cover for her by making up little excuses to her whereabouts and or her physical appearance. Edmund, like Jamie, is also aware of his mother’s morphine addiction but makes excuses of Mary’s actions and appearances to his brother and father.Both Edmund and Jamie hope that by covering for their addicted mother, they will be able to salvage what is left of their broken family. During the play Edmund learns that he has consumption or tuberculosis. This means that he will have to spend up to one year in a sanitarium. After it is learned that Edmund got consumption when he went to foreign lands earlier in life to escape the troubles of his family, it is easy to blame Mary Tyrone for his illness. There would have been no reason for Edmund to escape his family if his mother was not addicted to morphine.If Mary wasn’t an addict than it is highly probable that Tyrone and Jamie would not be alcoholics and Edmund would not be ill and an alcoholic-in-training. After Edmund is diagnosed with consumption, the family must decide on which sanitarium to send him to. Mary and Jamie try to say that Edmund’s consumption is due to the previous sanitariums that Edmund’s cheap father Tyrone decided upon. However, Tyrone’s being cheap is not to blame for Edmund’s illness, his mother is.Mary Tyrone brings about the suffering of her sons and husband through her own morphine addiction. Her addiction contributes immensely to Tyrone’s and Jamie’s alcoholism as well as Edmund’s illness. Their sufferings allow for this play to be a tragedy and for the reader to establish the theme that family-dynamics can hold us back if someone cannot take personal responsibility and move on. Mary Tyrone is a tragic figure in the tragedy A Long Day’s Journey into Night who functions as an instrument of the suffering of others.

EC Law Essay

Part A Sonja is a temporary farm labourer of 16 years old. In the summer of 2005 she was hospitalized with sunburn got from working in the field without adequate UV protection according to the â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive adopted by the EC. The Directive provides that the Member States should ensure â€Å"Sunblock and Sunglasses† to â€Å"workers in outdoor activities† within the meaning of the Directive. According to the independent arbitration scheme with employers set up with the approval of the Government by the Finnish Farm Labourers Union, Sonja, has brought her claim before the Arbitrator. Her claim requires that the Arbitrator interpret the â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive. The Arbitrator considers that Sonja’s claim should be dismissed because she is not a â€Å"worker† according to his interpretation of the Directive, but merely an â€Å"apprentice† who does not qualify for legal protection. As provided in the independent arbitration scheme the decisions of the Arbitrator are legally binding and there is no right to appeal. According to the rules of procedure established by the instituting treaties of the European Communities for the Court of Justice of the European Communities, the Court’s jurisdiction is automatically mandatory in the areas expressly provided by the Treaties. There is no need for the Member States to accept this competence which means that the Court can be authorized by only one party, even against Member States. This also means that in the attributed domains by the treaties its competence is exclusive compared to any other jurisdiction. Article 234[1] (ex Article 177) from the consolidated Treaty establishing the European Community provides that: „The Court of Justice shall have jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings concerning: (a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the interpretation of this Treaty; (b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the validity and interpretation of acts of the institutions of the Community and of the ECB; (c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the interpretation of the statutes of bodies established by an act of the Council, where those statutes so provide. Where such a question is raised before any court or tribunal of a Member State, that court or tribunal may, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, request the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon. Where any such question is raised in a case pending before a court or tribunal of a Member State, against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law, that court or tribunal shall bring the matter before the Court of Justice.† In the case of Sonja, because the independent arbitration scheme set up between the Finnish Farm Labourers Union and the employers is conducted with the approval of the Government, to settle disputes regarding pay and conditions of work we can assimilate the Arbitrator with a court of law. The Arbitrator has an exclusive competence in this field. Moreover, he meets the requirements set up in the last provision of the Article 234, as set forth, because his decisions are legally binding and there is no right to appeal. This institutes an obligation upon the Arbitrator that whenever he has to interpret any act of one of the institutions of the Community he should raise a case before the Court of Justice of the European Communities. Therefore, before interpreting the provisions of the â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive on the meaning of â€Å"worker† within the said act, the Arbitrator should have brought recourse in interpretation before the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The conditions for such recourse, as provided in the Article 234, are that: there has to be an open case brought before a national form of jurisdiction that has to request the Court, asking for the interpretation of an act of one of the institutions of the Communities. Because the Arbitrator did not open such recourse before the Court of Justice of the European Communities, Sonja has grounds for dismissal of his decision in front of a higher Finnish court of law through an extraordinary procedure. The dismissal can be decided only on procedural issues and not on the merits of the case because the decisions of the Arbitrator are not subject to appeal. In general, international jurisdictions are only competent to try states. They can not be used as a legal remedy by natural persons. However, the Court of Justice of the European Communities is accessible not only to the member states of the European Communities, but also, in very strict conditions to individuals, natural and legal persons. This provides Sonja with, yet, another alternative for her case. She can bring an annulment recourse before the Court. The annulment recourse is the possibility of the states, institutions of the Communities and natural and legal persons to challenge in front of the Court   a mandatory act issued either by the Council or by the Commission, and to be granted in certain conditions the annulment of the act. This is a way to control EU acts and their conformity with the instituting treaties. The provisions of the Rome Treaties show that there can be subjected to this form of recourse acts that are mandatory like directives and regulations, and in certain situations even decisions.   Article 230[2] (ex Article 173) of the consolidated Treaty establishing the European Community provides that: â€Å"The Court of Justice shall review the legality of acts adopted jointly by the European Parliament and the Council, of acts of the Council, of the Commission and of the ECB, other than recommendations and opinions, and of acts of the European Parliament intended to produce legal effects vis-à  -vis third parties. It shall for this purpose have jurisdiction in actions brought by a Member State, the European Parliament, the Council or the Commission on grounds of lack of competence, infringement of an essential procedural requirement, infringement of this Treaty or of any rule of law relating to its application, or misuse of powers. The Court of Justice shall have jurisdiction under the same conditions in actions brought by the European Parliament, by the Court of Auditors and by the ECB for the purpose of protecting their prerogatives. Any natural or legal person may, under the same conditions, institute proceedings against a decision addressed to that person or against a decision which, although in the form of a regulation or a decision addressed to another person, is of direct and individual concern to the former. [†¦]† Usually, individuals are allowed to bring actions before the Court only in reference to regulations which directly apply to them and directly breach their rights. However, proceedings can be brought regarding a directive in situations in which it has the same effects on the individual.   The â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive directly infringes Sonja’s right to adequate protection for the type of labour she is doing and for the conditions in which she works by limiting the notion of â€Å"worker† to which it applies. With this limitation the Directive breaches the substantial provisions of the Treaty establishing the European Community. Regarding work, Article 13 of the Treaty provides that: â€Å"1.     Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Treaty and within the limits of the powers conferred by it upon the Community, the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the European Parliament, may take appropriate action to combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.†[3] Therefore the principle of the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of age is laid down by an instituting treaty. It bears no difference that Sonja is only sixteen. She should not be discriminated against for this reason and not be considered as a â€Å"worker† under the Directive. The term â€Å"worker† is also described in many EU acts, including in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The notion is wide and non-discriminatory, especially when considering a persons rights or the breach of these rights. â€Å"26. In accordance with the Court’s case-law, the concept of worker, within the meaning of Article 48 of the Treaty and of Regulation No 1612/68, has a specific Community meaning and must not be interpreted narrowly. Any person who pursues activities which are real and genuine, to the exclusion of activities on such a small scale as to be regarded as purely marginal and ancillary, must be regarded as a worker. The essential feature of an employment relationship is, according to that case-law, that for a certain period of time a person performs services for and under the direction of another person in return for which he receives remuneration[4]† Moreover, the restriction on the term â€Å"worker† is in direct violation with the Directive No. 33 of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work which applies to persons under 18 and provides that they should have suitable work conditions, â€Å"measures necessary to protect the safety and health of young people[5]†. In conclusion, the limitation of the notion of â€Å"worker† from the â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive that prevents Sonja, because of her age and because she is a temporary worker to benefit from the proper work protection, is in direct violation of the instituting treaties, the principles on which the EU is based, the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Communities and basic human rights. This provides Sonja, although she is a natural person, with the active legal quality to bring recourse in annulment before the Court due to what she has suffered from the effects of this act. Part B The joined cases of Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard were brought before the Court of Justice of the European Communities as a reference under Article 177 of the EEC Treaty[6] by the Tribunal de Grande Instance (Regional Court) from Strasbourg (France), for a preliminary ruling in the criminal proceedings pending before the tribunal against the two. The Tribunal de Grande Instance has asked the Court of Justice of the European Communities to give an interpretation of the rules of the EEC Treaty relating to competition and freedom of movement within the Community. The Court has found that â€Å"Article 30 of the EEC Treaty is to be interpreted as not applying to legislation of a Member State imposing a general prohibition on resale at a loss†[7]. In the decisions of Keck and Mithouard the Court institutes certain principles regarding the measures that can be taken by states. Such a principle is the one stating that: â€Å"national measures which limit or prohibit ‘certain sales practices’ do not fall within the scope of Article 30[8], so long as they are applied to all those operating within the national territory and that they affect in exactly the same way, both in law and in practice, the marketing of national products and those originating from other Member States†[9]. The Court of Justice of the European Communities has subsequently interpreted the decisions in the cases of Keck and Mithouard on the matter of advertising, especially the vague formulation: â€Å"selling arrangements†. The decisions were applied and interpreted in connection to the way producers are able to market their goods and to the marketing strategies used by them. However, the two cases were exceptional interpretations of the Article 28, due to the circumstances and should have been regarded as such. On the contrary, this interpretation was widely extended by the Court. The extension has brought about the possibility of member states to impose certain restrictions in advertising. These restrictions were thought by the Court to be outside the scope of Article 28. Such measures cover fields like: â€Å"TV advertising and sponsorship of programmes aimed at children below the age of 12 being prohibited[10]† in Sweden, the advertising of toys in Greece which is time restricted, banns referring to certain kinds of toys in Germany and Denmark and so on. Goods that are considered â€Å"sensitive† are also subjected to banns even at an EU level. As an example there is the ‘Television Without Frontiers’ (TVWF) Directive in which there is stated that children should not have easy access to advertising for goods such as cigarettes and alcohol. Cases were brought before the Court with regards to such measures. Some decisions given by the Court find basis on its previous Keck and Mithouard decisions: â€Å"With respect to the free movement of goods (Article 30) the Court recognised that the ban on advertising could affect the free movement of the products advertised. It then referred to the Keck-Mithouard jurisprudence and ruled that a Member State could apply such restrictions if they were shown to affect in the same way, ‘in law and in fact’, the marketing of domestic products and of those from other Member States; were necessary for meeting overriding requirements of general public importance or one of the aims laid down in Article 36 of the EC Treaty; were proportionate for that purpose and that those aims could not be met by less restrictive measures†[11].   In conclusion, bans of advertising are considered to be in accordance with the Article 28 when they affect in the same way the marketing of the domestic products and that of the products from other Member States, they are necessary for requirements of general public importance and when less restrictive measures could not have been applied. Thus, the Court institutes the principle of proportionality that applies even if the ban has more serious effects on goods coming from other states than on national ones. Any state restrictions of the â€Å"selling arrangements†Ã‚   automatically affect access to the market contrary to what the Court has considered in the cases of Keck and Mithouard.   It is of course true that such restrictions provided in a non-discriminatory way do not infringe of the free movement of goods, but they do affect trade. Measures taken by states have to be â€Å"uncertain† and â€Å"indirect†, for them to fall outside the scope of the Article 28 and be regarded as breaches of the free movement of goods. The Keck case institutes a kind of presumption that certain measures taken by states, that fall under a certain category should be regarded as â€Å"uncertain† and â€Å"indirect† and therefore outside the scope of Article 28. This presumption is damaging in some cases. The measures should be analyzed according to the merits of each individual case and the effects they have in that particular case. Therefore, I believe that the cases of Keck and Mithouard affect the balance between state responsibilities and the free movement of goods. 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[6] Treaty establishing the European Community, ex Article 177 [7]Criminal proceedings against Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard (24 November 1993) [8] in the consolidated Treaty the number of the article has become 28 and it will be referred to accordingly [9] Lolivier, Marc (January 1998), op. cit. [10] Stanbrook, Lionel (October 1997), op. cit. [11] idem